Tag: apply()

Example 9.35: Discrete randomization and formatted output

A colleague asked for help with randomly choosing a kid within a family. This is for a trial in which families are recruited at well-child visits, but in each family only one of the children having a well-child visit that day can be in the study. The…

Example 9.32: Multiple testing simulation

In examples 9.30 and 9.31 we explored corrections for multiple testing and then extracting p-values adjusted by the Benjamini and Hochberg (or FDR) procedure. In this post we’ll develop a simulation to explore the impact of “strong” and “weak” control…

Example 9.26: More circular plotting

SAS’s Rick Wicklin showed a simple loess smoother for the temperature data we showed here. Then he came back with a better approach that does away with edge effects. Rick’s smoothing was calculated and plotted on a cartesian plane. In this entry we’…

Example 9.21: The birthday "problem" re-examined

The so-called birthday paradox or birthday problem is simply the counter-intutitive discovery that the probability of (at least) two people in a group sharing a birthday goes up surprisingly fast as the group size increases. If the group is only 23 peo…

Example 9.19: Demonstrating the central limit theorem

A colleague recently asked “why should the average get closer to the mean when we increase the sample size?” We should interpret this question as asking why the standard error of the mean gets smaller as n increases. The central limit theorem shows t…